Persona: Velasco Santamaría, Yohana María
Proyectos de investigación
Unidades organizativas
Puesto de trabajo
Profesora Titular - Directora Técnica de Investigaciones
Apellidos
Velasco Santamaría
Nombre de pila
Yohana María
Dirección de correo electrónico
ORCID
0000-0002-6845-1663
Google Scholar
Fecha de nacimiento
1977-09-25
Grupo de investigación
2 resultados
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Publicación Restringido Skin mucus from cachama blanca (Piaractus orinoquensis) as a low-invasive method to assess welfare in fish(Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Latin America 15 Biennial Meeting, 2023-09-20) Espinosa-Doncel, Natalia; Cárdenas-Camacho, Jessica; Velasco Santamaría, Yohana MaríaSkin mucus contributes to the fish defense against the surrounding environment and reflects the state of health of the fish; therefore, it is a low-invasive and non-lethal matrix appropriate to assess welfare. However, more information is required on the response to stressors in Latin America fish species. At this regard, in Colombia the most important native fish species used in aquaculture is cachama blanca (Piaractus orinoquensis) begin necessary to depth in their physiological knowledge. Therefore, this study compared the skin mucus as another study matrix in fish exposed to low concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the water as stress factor. This study was carried out in P. orinoquensis specimens subjected to several intervals of hypoxic conditions and subsequently sampled after 0, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h of repetitive poststress condition. Skin mucus and plasma were collected and a battery of biochemical biomarkers were measured in both matrices. The analysis showed significant shifts of indicators such as glucose activity, protein concentration and lactate activity being significantly higher in skin mucus than in plasma compared to control and also having a highest response at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h post-stress; however, only significant variations were found in plasma cortisol levels at 4, 6 and 24 hours compared to the control. These results demonstrate that skin mucus in P. orinoquensis can be used as non-invasive matrix for stress assessment in fish, since several biomarkers presented a similar pattern of response in the skin mucus, becoming an appropriate matrix to evaluate either health of fish and aquatic systems. Acknowledgment: This study was funded by the Universidad de los Llanos, project number C09-F01-001 2020 "Evaluación del potencial del mucus de la piel de cachama blanca (P. brachypomus) como un método no invasivo y confiable para evaluar el bienestar de los peces a través de pruebas bioquímicas".Publicación Acceso abierto Ecotoxicology of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and petroleum wastewater in the orinoquia region(Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Latin America 15 Biennial Meeting, 2023-09-20) Calderón-Delgado, Ivonne; Velasco Santamaría, Yohana María; Corredor-Santamaría, WilsonPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are ubiquitous and characterized by low solubility, persistence in the environment, bioaccumulation in biota and high toxicity. Aquatic systems receive PAH through atmospheric deposition and direct runoff release, with the organisms that inhabit them being their main targets. Among these, fish are of particular interest because they occupy key positions in aquatic and terrestrial food webs. Petroleum extraction is one of the most relevant sectors in Colombia's economy; however, the environmental impact due to oil extraction and spillage accidents has generated contamination of soils and water sources, mortality of fauna and flora or changes in the dynamics of natural ecosystems, among others. Biomonitoring of oil pollution using aquatic organisms, especially native species has a great ecological relevance. In this sense, fish are considered as one of the main sentinel species to assess the state of aquatic ecosystems because they are ubiquitous in most aquatic environments exposed to contaminants and also because of their ecological relevance. Our data show alterations in fish from oil industry wastewater discharge sites and fish exposed to different PAH. In fact, concentrations of 250 and 70 ng/L of naphthalene (NAP) and phenanthrene (PHE), respectively, were recorded in rivers exposed to the discharge of produced water. Subacute exposures to sublethal concentrations of NAP 100 µg/g, PHE 50 µg/g and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) 10 µg/g were evaluated. The results shown presence of genotoxicity in peripheral blood erythrocytes and nuclear abnormalities being higher in fish exposed to PHE, followed by BaP, and NAP, alteration in antioxidant response, fish exposed to BaP showed a significant increase in 7ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity compared to the control, and presence of deleterious changes in tissue architecture such as hyperemia, degeneration of the nuclei, cytoplasmic degeneration, and vacuolization that could lead in the long term to a decline in fish populations exposed to these conditions. In conclusion, the results show that native Colombian fish such as Aequidens metae, Astyanax gr. bimaculatus and Piaractus orinoquencis are good sentinels of freshwaters potentially contaminated by hydrocarbons or in laboratory studies aimed at understanding the impact of petroleum compounds. Acknowledgment: This study was funded by Colciencias-ANH and Universidad de los Llanos Project number 112272151869, grant 721 – 2015.